|
Element |
Author |
Article title |
Year |
Volume number |
Journal abbreviation |
Page on which article begins |
Pinpoint citation |
|
Example |
Peter Watts |
"Birks' Unjust Enrichment" |
(2005) |
121 |
LQR |
163 |
at 165 |
|
Rule |
Eg Peter Watts "Birks' Unjust Enrichment" (2005) 121 LQR 163 at 165.
Give the author's name in accordance with rule 6.1.2.
Some journals include the name of the author at the end rather than at the start of the article.
Give the title of the article in double quotation marks, with spelling and capitalisation as per the original (unless the original is in all caps, in which case capitalise only the first letter of significant words).
Quotation marks within a title should be single.
Retain any italicisation within the title.
Eg Michael Taggart "From 'Parliamentary Powers' to Privatization: The Chequered History of Delegated Legislation in the Twentieth Century" (2005) 55 U Toronto LJ 575.
Give the year of the journal in round brackets if the journal has independent volume numbers. Most journals follow this format.
If the year is also the volume number of the journal, give the year in square brackets.
Eg Jessica Palmer "Dealing with the Emerging Popularity of Sham Trusts" [2007] NZ Law Review 81.
Eg Paul Rishworth "Common Law Rights and Navigation Lights: Judicial Review and the New Zealand Bill of Rights" (2004) 15 PLR 103 at 107.
If the volume spans more than one year, use the year of the particular article.
Eg Volume 30 of the University of Chicago Law Review covers the years 1962-1963. The citation of an article written in 1962 is:
Bernard Meltzer "Organisational Picketing and the NLRB: Five on a Seesaw" (1962) 30 U Chi L Rev 78.
If the journal in which the article appears is organised by volume number, give that number after the year.
Where there are multiple issues within a single volume and those issues are not consecutively paginated, include the issue number after the volume number in round brackets. Otherwise, do not include the issue number.
Eg Christopher Eisgruber and Lawrence Sager "The Vulnerability of Conscience: The Constitutional Basis for Protecting Religious Conduct" (1994) 61 U Chi L Rev 1245.
NOT Christopher Eisgruber and Lawrence Sager "The Vulnerability of Conscience: The Constitutional Basis for Protecting Religious Conduct" (1994) 61(4) U Chi L Rev 1245.
When citing a serial publication that uses issue numbers as opposed to volume numbers, give the issue number instead of the volume number, without brackets.
Eg Catriona MacLennan "Radical criminal pre-trial changes" (2009) 733 Law Talk 7.
The journal itself is the authoritative source for its official citation/abbreviation, except that any punctuation should be removed.
This may mean that "Review" is abbreviated differently depending on the journal in question. In New Zealand, Australia and England it is common to abbreviate Review as "R", while in North America "Review" is abbreviated to "Rev". If "LR" is used, do not include a space between the letters; if "Rev" is used, include a space between "L" and "Rev", ie "L Rev".
For further guidance consult the Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations, available at www.legalabbrevs.cardiff.ac.uk, for international materials. For New Zealand materials, use the Legal Citations for Aotearoa New Zealand database, available at www.lcanz.auckland.ac.nz.
Eg Stephen Todd "Wrongful Conception, Wrongful Birth and Wrongful Life" (2005) 27 Sydney Law Review 525.
Eg Kent Greenawalt "Moral and Religious Convictions as Categories for Special Treatment: The Exemption Strategy" (2007) 48 William and Mary L Rev 1605.
Note that some journals do not abbreviate "Law Review".
Eg Jesse Wilson "Prior Restraint of the Press" [2006] NZ Law Review 551.
Give the starting page number of the article after the journal title.
The pinpoint reference follows the starting page number, preceded by "at".
Where the pinpoint reference is to the first page of the article, repeat the page number.
Eg Campbell McLachlan "The Principle of Systemic Integration and Article 31(3)(c) of the Vienna Convention" (2005) 54 ICLQ 279 at 279.